Can We Build a Truly Circular Battery System?

Global Energy Circularity Commitment

Together with the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, CATL has launched a global collaboration to accelerate the shift toward a circular battery economy. This initiative is designed to shape how the world designs, uses, reuses, and recycles the batteries that power the energy transition.

Circular Battery Pathways

Leading the Charge – Turning risk into reward with a circular economy for EV batteries and critical minerals.

Launched at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos 2026 with input from more than 30 organizations across the EV battery ecosystem, Leading the Charge highlights how circular approaches – from design through use to recovery – unlock economic, environmental, and operational value. CATL supports these insights as part of its commitment to advancing circular thinking and connecting design, utilization, and material capture across mobility and energy storage systems.

Shared Ambition

CATL and the Ellen MacArthur Foundation share a bold ambition:

To decouple new battery production from virgin raw material extraction

Directional Goal:

To help bring this ambition into focus, CATL has introduced a directional goal:

Within 20 years, 50% of new battery production could be decoupled from virgin raw materials

— a measurable marker guiding circular innovation, partnerships, and investment.

Four Principles Driving Transformation


The transition to a circular battery economy demands change across the entire value chain – from how materials are extracted and products designed, to how business models evolve and materials are recovered. These four principles define where that change needs to happen and why. Together they form the basis for collaboration between industry, policymakers, researchers, and the organizations committed to making circularity a reality at scale.

Rethink Systems

Rethink Systems

Circularity starts with how the whole system is designed — not just individual products.

Rethink Systems

A truly circular battery economy requires batteries to remain visible, traceable, and recoverable at every stage — across mobility networks, energy systems, and material recovery infrastructure. That demands a shared data architecture connecting every actor in the value chain.

CATL is contributing to that architecture through its participation in the Global Battery Alliance Battery Passport pilots — supporting the development of a common digital framework that tracks battery composition, origin, and lifecycle performance from production to recovery.

When batteries are traceable, recycling becomes more efficient, second life becomes more viable, and the entire system becomes more resilient. The battery passport is how that traceability becomes real.

Redesign Products

Redesign Products

Circularity begins at the design stage
— before a single material is extra.

Build batteries for longevity, modularity, and second-life reuse.

Redesign Products

Engineering batteries for extreme durability decouples the growth of the energy transition from virgin resource extraction. Every additional year of battery life is a year of avoided production, avoided replacement, and avoided waste. Longevity is not just a performance metric. It is a circularity strategy.

EV — The 1 million Kilometer Standard
The Shenxing Pro is designed for a 12-year, 1-million-kilometer service life — matching the full operational life of the vehicle itself. Eliminating mid-life battery replacements dramatically reduces the total material footprint per kilometer driven, keeping critical materials productive for longer.

ESS — 15,000 Cycle Reliability
For grid-scale energy storage, durability underpins both stability and material efficiency. TENER is engineered for 15,000 cycles, delivering over 20 years of continuous operation. Every kilogram of lithium and iron embedded in the system remains productive for decades — maximizing the value of materials already in circulation.

A battery designed to last the life of the vehicle doesn't just reduce waste — it holds its value. See why secondhand EVs powered by CATL batteries remain a compelling choice.

Rethink Business Models

Rethink Business Models

The most durable battery is only as valuable as its utilisation. When batteries are managed as shared assets rather than fixed components, more mobility and energy can be delivered from every unit of material produced.

Rethink Business Models

Battery-as-a-service and swapping models change both the economics of electric mobility and its material efficiency. Separating the battery from the vehicle enables centralised management — increasing utilisation, optimising maintenance, and ensuring batteries return into controlled reuse and recycling channels rather than dispersing across informal markets.

Since batteries represent 30-40% of an EV’s total cost, service-based models can reduce upfront purchase costs by up to RMB 70,000 — widening access to electric mobility at scale. Centralised collection through swap infrastructure strengthens recycling rates and material recovery. At scale, a network of 30,000 swap stations can collectively store 33.6 million kWh — creating a distributed grid asset that enhances energy flexibility and resilience.

CATL’s Choco-Swap model is putting this into practice across 1,000 stations in 45 cities as of early 2026 — demonstrating how service-based innovation can lower cost, maximise material productivity, and build the closed-loop infrastructure that circularity requires.

Rethink Business Models
Recycle Materials

Recycle Materials

Recycling is where circularity closes the loop — transforming end-of-life batteries from a liability into a source of battery-grade materials ready for reuse.

Recycle Materials

Effective recycling reduces dependence on virgin resource extraction and keeps critical materials — lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese — in productive use indefinitely. The challenge is doing it at the scale and precision the energy transition demands.

CATL’s recycling operations deploy proprietary Directional Recycling Technology (DRT) — recovering key materials at battery-grade quality rather than relying on traditional smelting processes that degrade material value and increase environmental impact. Recovered materials feed directly back into production, genuinely closing the loop rather than downcycling into lower-value applications.

The results speak for themselves. Recovery rates of 99.6% for nickel, cobalt, and manganese, and 96.5% for lithium. 128,000 tonnes of used batteries processed annually. Over 17,100 tonnes of lithium salts regenerated. And contributions to 445 industry and national standards in battery recycling and materials — including 126 national standards — ensuring that what works at scale can be adopted across the industry.

Recycle Materials

The circular battery lifecycle — from design and active use through cascade utilisation and recycling, back into raw material production.

To understand how this process works in practice, read the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s case study on CATL’s circular battery value chain.

See more →

Our Partnership Approach

The regulatory and commercial landscape for batteries is changing faster than any single company can navigate alone. As a strategic partner of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, CATL is working to translate its circularity commitment into industry-wide action — building the shared frameworks, research foundations, and cross-sector relationships that the next chapter of the battery industry will be built on.

Contributing to a Global Vision

CATL works alongside the Ellen MacArthur Foundation to develop a shared framework for the circular battery economy — giving manufacturers, customers, policymakers, and researchers a common reference point as standards and regulations take shape. The goal is a framework grounded in industrial reality, not just policy aspiration.

Global Vision icon

Systemic Research

The transition to circularity raises complex questions that no single actor has the data to answer alone. CATL contributes operational insight and real-world scale to research developed alongside academic institutions and industry partners — findings shared openly to inform the policy and practice decisions that organisations across the value chain are already facing.

Systemic Research icon

Industry Convening

The frameworks being developed today will define how the battery industry operates tomorrow. This initiative brings together organisations from across the value chain — manufacturers, recyclers, raw material producers, logistics providers, policymakers, and researchers — to shape those frameworks from the inside rather than respond to them from the outside.

Industry Convening icon

Who This Is For

For organisations that recognise the battery industry is at an inflection point — and want to help determine what comes next rather than adapt to it — this is where that work is happening.

Why Circularity Matters

The battery industry is scaling at a speed the world has never seen before. How it manages that growth — the materials it consumes, the assets it deploys, and what happens to them at end of life — will define whether electrification delivers on its promise. Circularity is not an add-on to that story. It is the foundation of it.

Circular Battery Economy Diagram

The scale of the opportunity

By 2040, the global battery recycling market is projected to be worth $165 billion. The materials inside those batteries — lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese — require significant resource intensity to extract and process. As the industry grows, so does the opportunity to recover, reuse, and reinvest those materials back into the system. Circularity is how that opportunity gets realised.

Battery market growth chart: USD 5B in 2024 to USD 165B in 2040

The value that already exists

A battery at end of vehicle life is not a spent asset. It retains 70–80% of its original capacity — enough for a second life in energy storage, grid balancing, or industrial use. When it does reach true end of life, high-quality recycling can recover up to 99.6% of nickel, cobalt, and manganese, and 96.5% of lithium. The materials are there. The technology to recover them exists. The opportunity lies in building the infrastructure to make it happen consistently and at scale.

Battery market growth chart: USD 5B in 2024 to USD 165B in 2040

Why collaboration unlocks it

EVs connected to the grid during idle times can act as energy storage assets (V2G), reducing the need for new stationary batteries.

Business models such as battery swapping, and buy-back shift ownership, performance liability and end-of-life responsibility to producers — creating built-in incentives for longer-lasting, circular design.

At the end of life, EV batteries can be repurposed in applications with lower performance requirements, like grid storage, before eventually being recycled.

Battery market growth chart: USD 5B in 2024 to USD 165B in 2040

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